If your provider has recommended a 3D mammogram, you may be wondering how it differs from the mammogram you have had before. A 3D mammogram is the most advanced mammographic technology available today, and it is quickly becoming the standard of care for annual breast cancer screening. October is Breast Cancer Awareness Month, which makes it a good time to understand your screening options. Here is what a 3D mammogram is, why it matters, and what to expect during your exam.
What is a 3D mammogram?
A 3D mammogram, also called digital breast tomosynthesis or tomosynthesis, captures multiple low-dose X-ray images of the breast as the machine moves in a small arc. A computer then combines those images into thin section images, or slices, that your radiologist can review one layer at a time. A single 3D mammogram can produce up to 400 images per breast, giving a three dimensional view of the breast tissue rather than the single flat picture a traditional mammogram provides. That added detail is what allows your radiologist to look through the tissue layer by layer instead of all at once.
How is a 3D mammogram different from a 2D mammogram?
A standard 2D mammogram takes two flat images of each breast. Overlapping tissue in those flat images can hide a small cancer or create the appearance of an abnormality that is not really there. Because a 3D mammogram lets the radiologist scroll through thin slices of breast tissue from different angles, it reduces that overlap and provides better clarity. The difference is most noticeable in women with dense breast tissue, where overlapping tissue on a 2D image is most likely to obscure a finding.
The benefits of 3D mammography
Studies have shown that 3D imaging detects 20% to 50% more invasive cancers than 2D mammograms alone, and that 3D mammography can meaningfully increase invasive breast cancer detection rates. Just as important, it reduces the need for follow-up imaging and lowers false positives compared to 2D mammograms. In practical terms, that means fewer callbacks for additional imaging and less of the anxiety that comes with being asked to return. The largest gains show up in women with dense breast tissue, where 3D imaging improves cancer detection and helps find breast cancer early, when it is most treatable.
Who should consider a 3D mammogram?
3D mammography benefits women across risk levels, but it is especially valuable for women with dense breasts. Nearly half of women aged 40 and over have dense breast tissue, which makes mammogram images harder to interpret and raises the risk of an undetected breast cancer. Dense breast tissue is not related to breast size or firmness and can only be identified on a mammogram. North Carolina law requires that patients be notified when they have dense breast tissue, so you may receive a letter noting your breast density along with your results. If you have dense breasts, a family history of breast cancer, or other risk factors, ask your provider whether a 3D mammogram is right for you.
How do I prepare for a 3D mammogram?
Preparing for a 3D mammogram is the same as preparing for a standard mammogram. Try to schedule your exam for the week after your menstrual period, when the breasts are least tender. On the day of your appointment, skip deodorant, antiperspirant, powders, and lotions on the chest and underarms, since these can appear as spots on the images. Wearing a two-piece outfit makes the exam more comfortable, because you will only need to undress from the waist up.
What to expect during your exam
The experience of a 3D mammogram is nearly identical to a standard mammogram. During the exam, gentle compression is applied to the breast and two views of each breast are obtained. The procedure typically takes only a few minutes per breast. The compression holds the tissue still and spreads it out so the images are clear, and the 3D portion is captured in the same appointment with no extra steps on your part.
Is a 3D mammogram safe?
3D mammograms use low-dose X-rays, and the radiation exposure is comparable to a traditional mammogram and well within accepted safety limits. For the vast majority of women, the benefit of detecting breast cancer earlier far outweighs the small amount of radiation involved.
Are 3D mammograms covered by insurance?
Both private insurance and Medicaid typically cover 3D mammograms as preventive services, and many insurance plans now cover 3D mammography the same way they cover a standard screening. Coverage can vary by plan, so it is worth a quick call to your insurance provider to understand your specific benefits. Financial assistance programs are also available for qualifying patients.
Schedule your 3D mammogram in the Triangle
A screening mammogram does not require a physician order for most women at average risk, so you can schedule your annual 3D mammogram directly with our team. If you have breast concerns, breast pain, or a family history of breast cancer, talk with your doctor about whether earlier or additional imaging is right for you.
To schedule, visit raleighrad.com/schedule or call 919-781-1437. Raleigh Radiology provides breast imaging at convenient locations across the Triangle area.